The communal nature of the language lasted until it replaced Persian as the official language in and was made coofficial along with English. This triggered a Hindu backlash in northwestern India, which argued that the language should be written in the native Devanagari script.
Thus a new literary register, called "Hindi", replaced traditional Hindustani as the official language of Bihar in , establishing a sectarian divide of "Urdu" for Muslims and "Hindi" for Hindus, a divide that was formalized with the division of India and Pakistan after independence though there are Hindu poets who continue to write in Urdu to this day.
At independence, Pakistan established a highly Persianized literary standard of Urdu as it official language. However, a knowledge of Urdu allows one to speak with far more people than that, as Hindi-Urdu is the fourth most commonly spoken language in the world, after Mandarin, English, and Spanish. Owing to interaction with other languages, Urdu has become localized wherever it is spoken, including in Pakistan itself. Urdu in Pakistan has undergone changes and has lately incorporated and borrowed many words from Pakistani languages like Pashto, Punjabi, Sindhi and Balti as well as former East Pakistan now Bangladesh Bengali language, thus allowing speakers of the language in Pakistan to distinguish themselves more easily and giving the language a decidedly Pakistani flavour.
Similarly, the Urdu spoken in India can also be distinguished into many dialects like Dakhni Deccan of South India, and Khariboli of the Punjab region since recent times. Because of Urdu similarity to Hindi, speakers of the two languages can easily understand one another if both sides refrain from using specialized vocabulary. The syntax grammar , morphology, and the core vocabulary are essentially identical. Thus linguists usually count them as one single language and contend that they are considered as two different languages for socio-political reasons.
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